From Hamlet, prince of Denmark. Ed. K. Deighton. London: Macmillan.
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1. notes, memorandums of advice; cp. Cymb. i. 1. 171, "left
these notes Of what commands I should be subject to."
3. You shall ... wisely, the vain old man compliments himself
in complimenting Reynaldo; shall, you will certainly; see Abb.
§ 315; marvellous, used adverbially.
4, 5. to make ... behaviour, to make inquiries as to how he has
borne himself since he arrived in Paris; the folios give inquiry,
but in Per. iii. Pr. 22. we have inquire as a substantive, necessary
to the rhyme, and though that Prologue is by Gower it is
authority for the existence of the word.
6. well said, you are quite right; a frequent expression of
approval of deeds as well as words.
7. Inquire me, inquire on my account; on the old dative = for me, by me, see Abb. § 220: Danskers, " Danske, for Denmark, occurs often in Warner's Albion's England" (Capell).
8. And how ... keep, and what their manner of life is, who they
are, what their resources, income, and in what part of the city
they live; keep, dwell; a term still in use in the Universities.
9. What company ... expense, what company they keep, whom
they entertain, and how much they spend in such hospitality; inquiries by means of which it may be indirectly ascertained whether they are companions of Laertes.
10. By this ... question, by this roundabout way in which
your questioning drives at its purpose; cp. iii. 1. 1, "drift of
circumstance"; and iii. 3. 83, "in our circumstance and course
of thought."
11. know, are acquainted with.
11,2. come you ... it, approach more nearly to the subject than
these demands regarding particulars will bring you; for it, used
indefinitely, see Abb. § 226.
13. Take ... him, pretend that you have some distant acquaintance with him.
14. As thus, saying for instance.
17. but ... well, adding 'but only slightly.'
19. Addicted so and so, with such and such propensities.
19, 20. and there ... please, and at this point, when you have got so far in your conversation, you may put upon him any imputations you think fit: rank, gross.
22-4. But ... liberty, but imputations of such wildness and extravagances as are commonly found to be the accompaniments of youth when not kept in too strait-laced control; of young
fellows when not tied, as we say, to their mother's apron-strings; for slips, cp. 0th. iv. 1. 9, "So they do nothing, 'tis a venial slip."
25. fencing, "I suppose it means piquing himself on his skill in
the use of the sword, and consequently quarrelling and brawling.
'The cunning of Fencers applied to quarrelling.' Gosson, Schoole
of Abuse" (Malone).
26. you may go so far, you may venture to bring these charges
against him.
28. 'Faith, i.e. in faith, indeed: as you ... charge, if you
qualify the accusation, as you may do by plausible excuses.
29. another scandal, the further reproach.
30. open to, liable to the charge of incontinency.
31. breathe, utter, give voice to: quaintly, with such ingenious reservations.
32. the taints of liberty, the faults which naturally arise from
a young man being so completely his own master.
33. fiery, high-spirited, impetuous.
34. A savageness ... blood, a wildness such as is found in hot-blooded young men not yet tamed by the stern discipline of life; the language is from falconry, in which pursuit to 'reclaim' (i.e. to call back) a hawk was to bring it to obedience in stooping to the lure; thus Cotgrave, "Reclame, a loud calling, whooting, whooping, to make a Hawk stoop unto the lure."
35. Of general assault, to the attack of which all are liable.
36. Wherefore ... this? you would ask me why I make these suggestions to you.
37. would, should like to; drift, that at which I am driving;
my secret object.
38. a fetch of [wit] warrant, a well-approved design; a stratagem
which will be justified by its success; cp. Lear, ii. 4. 90, "Mere fetches" i.e. pretexts; the quartos read 'a fetch of wit' i.e. a cunning stratagem.
39. You laying ... son, you having imputed these trivial
blemishes to my son.
40. As 'twere ... working, comparing him in that way to
something that by being used has lost somewhat of its first
gloss.
42. Your ... converse, the person with whom you are talking; him you would sound, he, I mean, to the bottom of whose thoughts you wish to get; the figure is that of taking soundings
at sea; on him, put for he by attraction to whom understood, see
Abb. § 208.
43-5. Having ever ... consequence, if he has ever seen the youth
you speak of guilty of the sins already mentioned, he will be
sure to endorse your remarks with, show his agreement by, some
such words as these; for consequence, = that which follows, cp.
0th. ii. 3. 65, "If consequence do but approve my dream."
46. or so, or something of the sort.
47, 8. According ... country, using such phraseology as is customary in his country or such title as is generally applied to men; phrase going with country, addition with man; cp. W. T. iii. 2. 164, 5, "though I with death and with Reward did threaten and encourage him"; for addition, see note on i. 4. 20.
50. mass, the sacrament of the Eucharist in the Catholic Church.
51. leave, break off.
55. He closes with you thus, he agrees with you in these words.
57. Or then, or then, or at some time or other; with such, or
such, accompanied by such and such persons.
58. o'ertook, overpowered by drink; an euphemism for 'drunk'; 's, his; rouse, see note on i. 2. 127.
59. falling out, wrangling; with the French, tennis was a particularly favourite game, and it was from that country that it was brought to England. In the Scornful Lady, 1. 1, Beaumont
and Fletcher speak of being in France and playing tennis as almost synonymous; "And after your whole year spent in
tennis and broken speech," Loveless being about to visit France.
61. Your bait of falsehood, this falsehood which I suggested
to you to use as a bait; takes ... truth, catches this fish, viz. the
truth of the matter; cp. M. V. i. 1. 101, 2, "But fish not,
with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this opinion"; bait of, bait made of, consisting in.
62. we of ... reach, we men of wisdom and far-reaching intellect; the Cl. Pr. Edd. compare L. L. L. iv. 2. 30, "we of taste and feeling."
63. assays of bias, indirect attempts; the bias was the weight put into the bowl, at the
game of bowls, to make it travel in a curved path so as to avoid
other bowls in its way, or to counteract the lie of the ground;
cp. K. J. ii. 1. 574-8, "Commodity, the bias of the world ... this
vile-drawing bias. This sway of motion."
64. indirections, oblique courses; cp. K. J. iii. 1. 276,
"though indirect, Yet indirection thereby grows direct."
65. So by ... advice, so by following out the lesson of advice I
just now gave you; lecture and advice, a hendiadys.
66. You have me, you understand me, take me.
69. in yourself, for yourself; not being content with what you
hear of his conduct, but using your own observation also as to his
tendencies.
71. And let ... music, probably, as it is generally taken, let him
follow his own bent, strike what note he pleases; though the first
quarto reads "And bid him ply his musicke," which seems to be
intended literally; Well, very good.
75. sewing in my closet, occupied with needle-work in my own room; for closet, cp. J. C. ii. 1. 35, "The taper burneth in your closet."
76. doublet, an inner garment, a double to the outer one, but
used also for a coat generally; unbraced, with the 'points' not
tied.
77. foul'd, stained with dirt, muddy.
78. Ungarter'd, with no garters to his hose, or with his garters
not fastened: down-gyved to his ancle, allowed to fall down to
his ankle, and so looking like the fetters around the ankles of a malefactor.
79. knocking each other, knocking together in his agitation.
80. so piteous in purport, so expressive of misery.
82. To speak of horrors, only in order that he might tell of its
horrors.
83. Mad for thy love? distracted by his intense love for you?
85. held me hard, grasped my wrist tightly.
86. Then goes ... arm, then stands back from me at the full
length of his arm.
87. thus o'er his brow, holding his forehead and shading his
eyes so that he might fix his look more intently upon me.
88. perusal, earnest study.
89. As he would draw it, as though he wished to paint it; literally as he would do if he wished to paint it; see Abb. § 178.
90. a little ... arm, slightly shaking my arm; on the verbal
noun followed by of, see Abb. § 178.
93. As it .. bulk, that it seemed to shatter his whole trunk; for bulk, = breast, bust, Dyce quotes Cotgrave and Florio, and Singer Baret's Alvearie, "The Bulke or breast of a man."
94. that done, after that.
95. with his ... turn'd, looking all the while over his shoulder.
98. And to the last ... me, and until he disappeared in the doorway, kept them fixed upon me.
99. go seek, for the omission of to, see Abb. § 349.
100. ecstasy, madness; literally a standing out of oneself;
applied by Shakespeare to any violent emotion.
101. Whose violent ... itself, whose violent nature destroys
itself; property, that which specially belongs to it; Lat.
proprius, own; for fordoes, cp. below, v. 1. 207, Lear, v. 3.
291, "Your eldest daughters have fordone themselves."
105. hard words, harsh answers to his entreaties.
106. as ... command, in obedience to your commands.
107. repel, reject, decline to receive; cp. below, ii. 2. 146.
107, 8. denied ... me, refused him permission to visit me.
109, 10. I am sorry ... him, I am sorry that I did not observe
him with greater care and judgment; "'Quoter, To quote, or
marke in the margent, to note by the way,' Cotgrave" (Malone).
Cp. T. C. iv. 5. 233; R. J. i. 4. 31.
111. wreck, ruin; beshrew, a mild form of imprecation;
literally 'curse.'
112. as proper ... age, as much a characteristic of old men like
myself.
113. To cast ... opinions, to over-reach ourselves by a belief in
our far-sightedness.
114. sort, class.
115. discretion, discernment; the old look too far ahead, the
young do not look ahead at all.
116. This must be known, the king has a right to know this.
116, 7. which, being ... love, for if we kept this secret, the
hiding of it might be more productive of grief than the aversion
to utter it would be productive of love; i.e. the concealment of
what has happened would be attended by more danger to us
(if that concealment were discovered) than the good motive which
actuated us would be attended by the love of those from whom
we concealed it, even if, on its discovery, that good motive were
credited. Polonius's sentiments are purely selfish, and he thinks
nothing of the consequences to anyone else. The Cl. Pr. Edd.
think the sense is, "Hamlet's mad conduct might cause more
grief if it were hidden than the revelation of his love for Ophelia
would cause hatred, i.e. on the part of the King and Queen";
but they admit that the Queen afterwards, iii. 1. 38, and v. 1.
230-2, expresses her approval of the match.
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How to cite the explanatory notes:
Shakespeare, William. Hamlet, prince of Denmark. Ed. K. Deighton. London: Macmillan, 1919. Shakespeare Online. 20 Feb. 2010. (date when you accessed the information) < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/plays/hamlet_2_1.html >.
