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SONNET 3

Look in thy glass, and tell the face thou viewest
Now is the time that face should form another;
Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest,
Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother,
For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb
Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry?
Or who is he so fond will be the tomb
Of his self-love, to stop posterity?
Thou art thy mother's glass, and she in thee
Calls back the lovely April of her prime:
So thou through windows of thine age shall see
Despite of wrinkles this thy golden time.
    But if thou live, remember'd not to be,
    Die single, and thine image dies with thee.

PARAPHRASE

Look in your mirror and tell the face you see
That now is the time it should form another [create a child];
If you do not renew yourself,
You rob the world, and prevent some woman from becoming a mother.
For where is the woman whose unploughed womb
Would frown upon the way you plough your field?
Or who is he so foolish to love himself so much but let
Himself perish? [To make a tomb of self-love and not have a child to carry on his beauty?]
You are the mirror of your mother, and she is the mirror of you
And in you she recalls the lovely April of her youth:
So too will you see when you are old,
Free of wrinkles [now], these are your best years.
   But if you live your life avoiding being remembered.
   You will die childless, and your image will die with you.

Please click here for explanatory notes.





How to cite this article:
Shakespeare, William. Sonnet 3. Ed. Amanda Mabillard. Shakespeare Online. 20 Aug. 2009. < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/3.html >.

Reference:
Barnstorff, D. A key to Shakespeare's sonnets. Trans. T. J. Graham. London: Trubner and co, 1862.
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Did You Know? ... A nineteenth-century German critic named D. Barnstorff published a book in which he argued that the sonnets are addressed to none other than Shakespeare himself. Needless to say Barnstorff's work was not embraced by the academic community. Regarding Sonnet 3 he writes:
"Recognize thyself in the mirror of thine own truthfulness; -- exclaims Shakespeare to his inner being. -- Acknowledge the admirable beauty of thine ego: -- Thou beguilest the world, mankind; a mother (Art) is deprived by thee of an effective, abundant fructification, if thou give not from thee thy imaginings, if thou permit thy intellectual essence to pass away. What sphere of human activity, what province of science, or of art would have been too high to be mastered by his capacities? His mother's (Nature's) glass is his genius: -- In that she calls back the lovely April of her prime. And when the bright eyes of thy youth shall have become glazed (this may refer to the classic period of Grecian literature and art); -- then wilt thou be enabled to see in thy works this thy golden time. But if thou live without the ambition of being remembered, -- die unwedded (to Art) and thine image (thine imaginings) will die with thee." (A Key to Shakespeare's Sonnets, p. 24.)

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